Fu found that controlled freezing-point storage was better than normal cold storage in terms of delaying ripening and aging126. The crisp white pulp surrounds a single large pointed stone. Agrofor Syst 43:534, Schroth G, Zech W (1995) Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system with Gliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West Africa. Twenty-one jujube cultivars were recorded in the book Guangzhi written by Guo Yigong in the Jin Dynasty, 1700 YA. A series of new products with high nutrient value, such as refined jujube cyclic nucleotides, jujube polysaccharides, jujube oil, instant jujube powder, and high vitamin C juice, have been developed54,139,149. Can J Bot 84:16861694, Zamora DS, Jose S, Nair PKR (2007) Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alley cropping system in the southern United States. J. Additionally, according to the unearthed carbonized fruits, jujube was cultivated and utilized in China 7000 years ago. Chenguang, a new tetraploid Chinese jujube cultivar. Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. Studies have also proven that sugar transport plays a significant role in sugar accumulation15,28 and jujube fruits have characteristics of nonclimacteric fruits15,29. The traditional production technology development period (end of Han DynastyNorthern Wei Dynasty, or 1 CE500 CE). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 387 (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016). China Fruits2, 6470 (2015). Resour.11, 811816 (2010). For . More farmers in China now graft or bud onto seedling rootstocks. Dongzao. Zhao, J. et al. In the last 30 years, various new products, such as jujube juice, jujube powder, jujube slices, jujube tea, jujube beer, jujube essence, and jujube pigment, have been developed149. Technol.33, 396402 (2015). The l-galactose pathway is the major route for jujube AsA biosynthesis, and the genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway show high-level expression during fruit development12. Wang, N. Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Ploidy Germplasm Creation in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill (Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 2007). Sun, H. & Tian, Y. Field Crop Res 100:249256, Ding SS, Su PX (2010) Effects of tree shading on maize crop within a poplar-maize compound system in Hexi Corridor oasis, northwestern China. This chapter focuses on the disease management using antibiotics and resistant . How to Transplant Jujube Suckers | Home Guides | SF Gate The traditional production region formation period (Zhou DynastyHan Dynasty, or 1000 BCE1 CE). Commun.5, 5315 (2014). Agrofor Syst 48:2540, Gruenewald H, Brandt BKV, Schneider BU, Bens O, Kendzia G, Huettl RF (2007) Agroforestry systems for the production of woody biomass for energy transformation purposes. Estimation of Evapotranspiration of a Jujube/Cotton Intercropping Shen, C., Jia, S., Zheng, X., Tang, Z. proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. Corrections? Li, R., Li, X., Huang, J. Content variation of water soluble polysaccharides during fruit development in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Li, H. et al. Process.2, 5255 (2010). & Xu, J. Wang, Z. et al. Multiomics-based analysis for the molecular formation mechanisms of some important traits. Agric. BMC Genom.20, 464 (2019). High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. PLoS ONE9, e109850 (2014). 2). However, high-efficiency, low-cost practical management systems for fruit cracking and fruit shrinking disease have not been developed; these conditions have a great influence on jujube yield and quality. The high level of sugar accumulation in jujube fruit is due to the expansion and high-level expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport. A series of gene families and metabolisms responsive to phytoplasma infection were studied, showing that photosynthetic, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism play crucial roles during phytoplasma infection33 and that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is responsive to phytoplasma stress23,24,32. It has unique branch and bud characteristics, i.e., usually only the primary shoots can extend, the dormant buds have a very long life, the secondary shoots die back naturally each, the mother-bearing shoots can only extend by ~1mm per year, and the bearing shoots fall off in the fall. BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. In this agroforestry system, the jujube trees are grown simultaneously with cotton for 180-200 days. HortScience53, 609612 (2018). Luo, Z. et al. Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin (2013). The problem of hybrids not being obtained due to heavy early embryo abortion was solved by embryo rescue based on the understanding of the mechanism of embryo abortion and the factors affecting very young embryo culture. The complex jujube genome provides insights into fruit tree biology. Genome-wide identification of CNGC genes in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) In vitro plantlets were obtained from the stem segments of root suckers in 198398. J. Anhui Agric. & Liu, M. Discussion about the scientific name of Chinese jujube and wild jujube. J.W. J. Sin.49, 27722791 (2016). For Sci 48:7784, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Seifert JR, Mengel DB, Pope PE (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the mid-western USA. Farm Prod. Exploration and practice of a next generation cultivation system for Chinese jujube characterized by labor- saving, safety, high-quality and high-profit. The joint map across the 12 linkage groups (the same as the basic chromosome number in jujube) spanned 1020.22cM, with a mean marker distance of 0.32cM. 2009BADA4B03), by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (Project No. Wang, N., Liu, M., Dai, L. & Qin, Z. Acta Hortic. Wang, L. et al. This evidence showed that the traditional jujube cultivation technology system had been established at 1500 YA, and many of these processes have been used continually until the present. Within Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng, three forms were confirmed, namely, f. granulata Cheng et Liu, f. trachysperma Cheng et Liu, and f. infecunda Cheng et Liu. Univ. Fruit. Hybrid plant production was increased by 100 times using the new system, and a large number of hybrid progeny were obtained from 19 cross combinations, of which a number of superior lines were selected70. PubMed Shu, J. How to Grow a Jujube Tree. Based on a systematic study of the historical taxonomic literature, Liu et al. Eng.3, 131136 (2016). Spectrosc. Univ.42, 8590 (2019). Fruit. Sci. in Chinese Dates a Traditional Functional Food (eds Liu, D., Ye, X. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Ciceoi, R., Dobrin, I., Mardare, E. S., Dicianu, E. D. & Stnic, F. Emerging pests of Ziziphus jujuba crop in. Marketers prefer fruits that can be easily transported from production areas and have long shelf lives and large markets. Agrofor Syst 37:91109, Young A (1997) Agroforestry for soil management. Dried jujube (the main form) can be stored for more than 1 year at room temperature with proper insect control and for 23 years at 4C. Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in Many reports on fresh fruit preservation techniques in jujube have been published. Review of researches on Chinese date high yield cultural theory and techniques. Huang, J. et al. This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. Its flower bud differentiation and fruit set habit are also very distinct, with a short flower bud differentiation time (10 days), a 2-month flowering season, and a low fruit set of only ~1%. Since, I have read a few horror stories about the invasive jujube root systems (e.g. In addition, the distinct trait of the bearing shoot falling in winter is related to the ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways12. Its utilization and cultivation history can be traced back to the Neolithic age, 7000 years ago1,2,3,4,5. Sci. 1. Research on jujube cultivation technology has a long history that includes fruitful achievements and has played an important role in promoting the jujube industry. Nat. and wild jujube. Wang, S., Yan, C. & Shao, F. Comparation study of blooming and fruiting ability in two types of bearing shoot in southern China fresh-eat jujube. Acquirement of endosperm triploid and its biology and cytology 1978-1984. Try not to plant it close to your house if there's a good source of water inside since there are some owners who report roots are able to break through stone. Study on systematic relationships of Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus spinosa using RAPD technique. The fruit is also a rich source of polysaccharides, triterpenic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and pigments3,4,11. Jujube trees are highly adaptable, with outstanding tolerance to drought; low-fertility, saline, and alkali soils; high temperatures and late frosts. Genom.11, 809 (2015). Liu, M. et al. We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. Comparing the tetraploid jujube cultivar Riguang and its diploid counterpart Dongzao, Riguang has wider and darker green leaves, higher chlorophyll content, a higher photosynthesis rate, larger stomata, larger pollen and flowers, wider and larger fruits, and an earlier maturation time but is also less vigorous and less cold hardy79. Yang, X. et al. J. Agric. Pruning is necessary if you want to keep your Jujube tree down to a manageable height. Fresh keeping and changes in some physiological indexes of Chinese Dongzao jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) B, Hortic.XLIII, 203206 (2000). J. Ningxia Agric. Spatial distribution of roots in a dense jujube plantation in the Agroforestry Systems I've heard horror stories of the roots actually damaging water pipes to get to a water source. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. fruits in China. When made into glac fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and are sometimes known as Chinese dates. Acta Hortic. Xue, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P. & Wang, L. Effect of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical changes of Dong jujube fruit during cold storage. 41, 8285 (2005). Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Chinese jujube and jujube SSR primer transferability. ), or Chinese date, is the most important species of Rhamnaceae, a large cosmopolitan family, and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. The overall objective should be to meet the various needs of farmers, processers, marketers and consumers. Mech.34, 2630 (2013). Agrofor Syst 69:107116. Agric. Sin.31, 7880 (2004). Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Liu, M. et al. 3). Agrofor Syst 55:125137, Garca-Barrios L, Ong CK (2004) Ecological interactions in simultaneous agroforestry systems in the tropics: management lessons. Dongzao. Wang, J. et al. & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. It would take some serious pruning to keep the tree at a small size and to keep the root system managed. Qi, J. et al. A set of new propagation approaches has been developed on the basis of traditional sucker division. Pap. have been excavated and utilized, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of the jujube industry. Cui, Y. et al. 201003043-01)and by NSFC (Project No. The method used to study the jujube tree root distribution was based on the trench profile method described by Smit et al. & Shan, G. The Chinese Jujube (Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2010). Analysis of QTL for needle length in Chinese jujube. Kor. var. Jujube Tree Care - How To Grow A Jujube Tree PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J.

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